You can use the links below to find different approaches and ideas, or find interesting combinations to spice up your playthroughs. The minimum Intelligence and Faith needed to use all pre-DLC spells is 25. Yes. Pure Pyro (I’ve always struggled with Pure mage runs in Souls games; not due to difficulty, I just get bored)Dark Souls Remastered: UNDEAD ASYLUM. Deacons of the Deep is a Boss in Dark Souls 3. Dark Souls classes - why Pyromancer is our choice for the best class to start with When starting Dark Souls, you'll be presented with a big chart while you create your character asking what class. Stamina 20. It is part of the Cornyx's Set. Cost 20,000 souls. Make sure you prepare adequately before proceeding. 9. Melee Focused Pyromancy Build In Dark Souls 3 Melee focused Pyromancer. The long, shining locks woven together to create this whip are imbued with the essence of fire, which can be channeled through the use of its skill. The softcaps are in 35/35 and hardcaps in 45/45, but. For example, Life Ring has 4 ranks - base, +1, +2, +3. Halfway through the game you will get the Giants Coal and. Type. Go for 99 or 105 agility. In this in-depth guide, we will walk you through everything you need to know to master this powerful build and become the ultimate pyromancer in Dark Souls 3. Pyromancies must be attuned at a bonfire before use. Because you should upgrade your Pyromancy Flame (+10) first and then you can play easily. SL 120 class: pyromancer Vig: 27 Att: 25 End: 40 Vit: 8 Str: 12 Dex: 10 Int. Classes in Dark Souls determine the starting Stats and Equipment of the player. Proceed into the Archives until you see a group of enemies around a big wax pool. Powerful rechargeable Fire "grenade" and decent melee make the Pyromancer a good choice for offensive players. Having a large amount of attunement slots is key. If you are less than 60% health in a boss fight, You may want to consider topping off your HP else you are at risk of being 1 shot. Ceaseless Discharge is a Boss in Dark Souls. Wiki Home; Wiki Forums; Wiki To-Do. Feel free to share and add yours to help other people, or to simply show off your awesome creativity! You can add your build to the table below as well as make your own Wiki page for it. The difference is most often 1 level between other classes (unless Sorcerer, which. 8 Intelligence/ 8 Faith. Players can equip up to 2 Rings, but equipping two of the same item is not possible. So unless you want to sacrifice half your max health to deal slightly more. An oldie but a goodie, Pyromancy is one of the most powerful and versatile trees in Dark Souls 2. Which is odd, given how Dark Souls II is far more magic-friendly (greater quantity of bonfires, items that replenish spell uses. but only if you don't want to spend souls bothering with pyromancy - something I don't suggest for a build like this. If you don't care about that, then just level whatever you like. What you want to do is level Attunement and Health. Toggle navigation. 7 Estus / 8 Ashen Estus (this can vary. all dex does to pyromancy is exactly that, makes cast faster. What you want to do is level Attunement and Health. Pyromancy Flame scales with Flame upgrade level, which eats up Souls. Fires a giant fireball with a widely encompassing explosion. Curse-Rotted Greatwood is a Boss in Dark Souls 3. In this game Pyromancy doesn't scale with anything, so literally anything will be a Pyromancer build if you have enough Attunement to equip spells. Drop down beneath the arches as if you were going further into the depths. Remember dexterity makes you cast spells quicker and most dexterity weapons require a little strength to use. 2) 13. Thanks! I'm very eager to play Dark Souls. This means a pure sorcery build at 60 INT is also a powerful pyromancer, with the same going for pure miracle builds. Was apparently being held captive by an undead chef. R. He can be found behind a hidden wall after the Queelag bossfight. Pyromancers combine early access to Pyromancy with decent physical damage. This boss is very similar to the Vanguard in Demon's Souls in both attack style and appearance in the story. Pyromancer Set Information. As far as what to focus on first, you can. Build Details: Intro0:14 Act I: Getting the Essentials0:19 Ce. To get this trophy/achievement, you must collect all Miracles in the game with the same character for the trophy/achievement to work. 1-3. Buying pyromancies and upgrading the flame will eat up most of your souls, but you don't need to level any of your stats. So you could go 30 int 30 fth or 10 int and 50 fth and the damage output will be the same. . Step 1. If the player repeatedly attacks or kills Yuria, Yoel, or Anri, the Londor Pale Shade will invade both Farron Keep and Irithyll of the Boreal Valley. Chaos Storm - This is good area of effect damage but may not be ideal to use during some fights. Always try to play against an enemy's weakness. R1: Dark Longsword (485 AR with 40/40) R2: Pyromancy Flame L1: Blessed/Simple Caestus (my preference, I like to parry a lot in PvP) Armor: (doesn't matter, whatever you want as long as it doesn't weigh you down. 4 / Int x1. . 0) and pyros require Int investment. Carthus Beacon - Can be traded out but is especially useful for fast weapon attacks or continual uses of Flame Surge. If you get caught in the blast radius, prepare for one of the most damaging ranged attacks in the. This class is built for players who prefer massive damage and slow-paced character builds. You have no decent weapons, chaos and dark infusions aren't available from the start and you need certain stats for. Mound Maker's Covenant. Crytal Chime and Yorshka's Chime are really good with pyromancy builds. Pyromancies are a type of Magic that deal primarily fire damage or provide resistance to damage, scaling with both Intelligence and Faith. This gonna sound super nooby but bear with me. As a relatively new player of the souls series, I wasnt aware of a lot of features that the game offered. "Pyro gets faith" cause pyromancer spells scale. Classes. What stats to level up Pyromancer Dark Souls remastered? Pyromancer build can really be anything, but it does work best with 45 Dexterity since you get max casting speed. Catalysts for Sorceries. Classes in Dark Souls determine the starting Stats and Equipment of the player. 105. Fantasy. Take this linear path until you reach a church-like building with several Darkwraiths (black enemies with black glowing shields) and a Mass of Souls (giant blob enemy). ago. Gwyn had absolutely no chance due to being stunlocked. Prayer of a Maiden is a Trophy and Achievement in Dark Souls and Dark Souls Remastered. Pyromancy is actually really good, but you might want to mesh it with something else. Reward for reaching rank +2 in the Chaos Servant Covenant. Obviously, you must start with the Pyromancer DS3 class. The Witch’s and Great Swamp Ring are needed to increase pyromancy damage. I intend to try a pyromancer soon to see if that's true for myself, but if your experience is anything, it's more proof that Pyromancy is OP. The game contains eight attributes that begin at varying levels based on the class you select: Vitality, Attunement, Endurance, Strength, Dexterity, Resistance, Intelligence and Faith. 40/40 in int and faith to hit the cap. . For other uses, see Pyromancy (disambiguation). It hits twice with one hit which is pretty dope. that work best to achieve a certain goal or set of goals. Pyromancers combine early access to Pyromancy with decent physical damage. In case anyone else finds it useful, I found the info on another site: Level Souls Cumulative Souls Pyromancy Flame +1 500 500 Pyromancy Flame +2 1,000 1,500 Pyromancy Flame +3 2,000 3,500 Pyromancy Flame +4 3,000 6,500 Pyromancy Flame +5 4,000 10,500 Pyromancy. 390 votes, 111 comments. If both classes started at SL1, you'd be correct, but Bandit starts much closer to the finish line, and therefore will be pancaking hollows in a shorter amount of time. Put 2 points into INT straight away to up your attack power. Description. Rings would be Witches Swamp Sage Dark moon/ Ring of favor/ whatever Weapons Witches locks Demons Fist Astoria Greatsword Long sword3 Slot. Blighttown is a Location in Dark Souls and Dark Souls Remastered that can be accessed through the Depths or the Valley of Drakes. Don't level up your dex just for faster casting though, if you're gonna use Strength weapons like Claymore or Zweihander leving the dex is pointless. 20. i'm going to give you advice that covers both. Talismans scale with the Faith stat, although there is an exception. Once you find the best build for your character, you'll find yourself going toe to toe with players around Dark Souls II. Attune pyromancies from a scroll at bonfire. It serves as the gateway to Blighttown once you defeat the area's boss. Start tracking progress. I want to play a pyromancy build but I have…This is a player-created Build for Dark Souls. Play tactically. Damage increases with consecutive attacks. 0. This sword, one of the rare dragon weapons, is formed by a drake's tail. In order to be able to use a pyromancy, you will need to have a Pyromancy Flame equipped in either hand, then at a bonfire, you can then attune any. Embrace the FLAME!Sorcerer Guide : Alex Roe - All For OneShibayan Reco. Dark Souls Easy Mode (Full Guide)Don't become a pyromancer until you are at least lvl 60-70. You have to have Quelana ascend it, then it can go up to +5. Support the channel: Fireball1:18 Great Fireball1:36 Fire Orb1:56 Combustion2:10 Great Combustion2:24 Fire Whip2:. Great Chaos Fireball - Reward for reaching Rank 3 in Brotherhood of Blood Covenant. . . red tearstone ring from valley of drakes. This is a fire damage pyromancy build. Asylum Demon Information. •. To cast a Pyromancy you must use a Flame or Special Weapons that can cast Pyromancies. After defeating the two lesser Demons, you will face the Demon Prince. As barbaric as it seems, this may in fact be quite fitting for the savage pyromancers who consider themselves. Great Chaos Fire Orb. • Pyromancy and Dark are split-stat damage sources with Faith/Intelligence and unlike most sources its damage has a lower hard cap on stats, 45-50 to be exact rather than 60. For instance, Knights start at level 9, and Warriors begin at level 7. You only have one at the moment, so don't sweat this. Then I like to detour to Darkroot and do the Moonlight Butterfly and Hydra then proceed to Sen's Fortress and Anor Londo. 3M views 7 years ago Dark Souls III Browse game The ultimate guide for pyromancers. ago CasMazz Any tips for Pyromancy build? (DS1) Discussion Never really tried to use pyromancy. Powerful rechargeable Fire "grenade" and decent melee make the Pyromancer a good choice for offensive players. Powerful rechargeable Fire "grenade" and decent melee make the Pyromancer a good choice for offensive players. Lords of Cinder Abyss. Seriously, don't. Like Magikid said, mixing it with Sorcerer/Sorceries is amazing . In Dark Souls 2 combustion had a ''lingering'' effect, so even if you didn't literally smack them right in the face you still had that zoning capability and could. Dragon pyromancy build Class: pyromancer SL125 35 vigor 26 attunement 30 endurance 8 vitality 12 strength 16 dex 40 int 40 faith 7 luck Rings: Ring of favor+3, Fire clutch ring, darkmoon ring, witch's ring Weapons: Demon's scar and dragonhead shield (the small shield, not the greatshield) Spells: Chaos bed vestiges, Great chaos fire orb, sacred. A spark that becomes a flame. Bond of a Pyromancer. Miracles can only be cast by wielding Talismans or Chimes. As for armor, you can use whatever you’d like. A hexer build. Not long after, Dunnel became a mad spirit, damned to wander the lands. Answer "Yes" to the question he asks and you will be let into the chamber that has a. Pyromancy Flame is a Weapon in Dark Souls and Dark Souls Remastered. These souls can be farmed relatively easily from the giant rat near the dilapidated bridge bonfire. It is, well, Vital. You’ll be a full-on caster with this one. Bandit starts at SL4, and only requires investing in 3 levels. Step 1. Merhabalar Arkadaşlar. The player can currently cast Pyromancies with all Flames and the White Hair Talisman. Killing him will cease the discharge of lava in the lower parts of the ruins, allowing access to the deeper areas of. Demon Prince is the second phase of the boss fight in the Ringed City DLC in Dark Souls 3. That last line is a phrase in Dark Souls, essentially meaning "Stay safe and stay sane. You should consider leveling Vit (HP), End (Stamina) and DEX (impacts your casting speed and weapons you can use effectively). Great Swamp pyromancer. It is essential to wait. When. This will allow Quelaana to spawn in the swamps. Now, I don't want to make something that tells people exactly what to do (i. Walk around the far left (you avoid the boulder throwers this way) and check all the pillars on your way. Endurance - Increases stamina, equip load, and defensive stats. Dark Souls Wiki Guide with Quests, items, weapons, armor, strategies, maps and more. In case anyone else finds it useful, I found the info on another site: Level Souls Cumulative Souls Pyromancy Flame +1 500 500 Pyromancy Flame +2 1,000 1,500 Pyromancy Flame +3 2,000 3,500 Pyromancy Flame +4 3,000 6,500 Pyromancy Flame +5 4,000 10,500 Pyromancy Flame +6 5,500 16,000 Pyromancy Flame +7 7,000 23,000 Pyromancy. At around level 80 the player won't get increases in all defense stats, rather just a few of the defense. Equip pyromancer flame to produce pyromancy. As barbaric as it seems, this may in fact be quite fitting for the savage pyromancers who consider. Endurance. You will find her beneath the second bell and where Eingyi is. Black fire orb is the best ranged pyromancy without delving into the apex predators that top this list. Your friend's right. This is incredibly punishable. These spells are powerful, but not only do they have a VERY slow cast time, They'll run out soon enough If you are unable to kill your opponent soon enough. 20. Stats would be 35 24 20 8 20 20 40 40 7 Really interested in the demons fist, and a lot of different weapons to try out. Answer "Yes" to the question he asks and you will be let into the chamber that has a. Flames deal Fire damage when the strong. Covenants are "factions" within Dark Souls and Dark Souls Remastered. 1-Stats. • Pyromancy and Dark are split-stat damage sources with Faith/Intelligence and unlike most sources its damage has a lower hard cap on stats, 45-50 to be exact rather than 60. Hurl fireball. The most guaranteed way to encounter her is to. In this game Pyromancy doesn't scale with anything, so literally anything will be a Pyromancer build if you have enough Attunement to equip spells. Enjoy!Fireball - 00:12Immolation - 00:26Fire OrbCombustionPoison MistFlash SweatIron Flesh -. Vigor 22. Pyromancy Flame is a Weapon in Dark Souls 3, used to cast Pyromancies. There are a total of 30 pyromancies. You might want to fight up close, from a distance or some mix of the two. Equip a pyromancy flame to utilize pyromancy. 1. Either way you have access to pretty much most of the melee weapons in Dark Souls on a single. This is a pyromancer starting spell and can also be gained from Laurentius of the Great Swamp and Quelana of. Not an expert, but Pyro does not care at all about your stats, only the level of the Pyro Glove. DEX, so it might be good to raise your DEX to at least that high. Drop down beneath the arches as if you were going further into the depths. Old Sage's Blindfold. Even though this battle will be very. The last ring is up to you, but I prefer the Silver Serpent Ring for increased souls. Always be well aware of your environment. Dark Souls 3 Build of the Week - by Fextralife Community PvE Builds. If you are pure pyromancer focused on spells over weapons, then more attunement until you reach 24 or 30 and the leftover into endurance. yeah, it does 147 damage, as opposed to a weapon. Since these builds are created by players, there's a variance of playstyles and opinions to take into account, so. I think my first Remastered run will be a Pyromancer with a speciality. Attire of pyromancers of the Great Swamp, particularly favored by old sages. With enough caution and patience, you can run from dry land to dry land through most of the bottom section and. All Sorceries have a required amount of Intelligence that must be met in order to use,. Support the Channel ️ to the Channel 💸 on Twitter 🐦. 14 endurance to hit 110 stamina (mugen shows 111 which is wrong) 15 str for parting flame and 16 dex for demons scar. Most important stats for a pure pyromancer are hp, stamina, and attunement. They are as follows:. No stat improves pyro damage, only upgrading the flame. Attunement 18. There are a total of 30 pyromancies. Dark Souls 2's Forbidden Sun pyromancy is back and brighter than ever. It can be refreshing to constantly swap out spells and techniques, as Dark Souls 2 is one of the longest games. An oldie but a goodie, Pyromancy is one of the most powerful and versatile trees in Dark Souls 2. This achievement is worth 25 Gamerscore. Hurl fireball. Hood/Robe/Manchette- Worn by the pyromancers of the. Most people then go after Dexterity for the cast speed. •. Classes | Dark Souls Wiki. I focused on levelling faith/int and pumped my titanite into the pyro flame. Believe me, pyro sucks early in the game. NEXT: Dark Souls 3. ) get some Att for slots (23 will give you 6) and then just distribute as normal for a melee character as you will mostly be fighting with steel. A total of 4 monsters can be found in the game. Flame burrows inside foes and ignites. Fantasy. Pyromancer is a class in Dark Souls. Stat-wise you are doing it right, keep STR/DEX at minimum to wield, order of priority is INT/FAI (evenly), Attunement, some END for stamina, and as low HP as you think you can get away with. Always be well aware of your environment. Bu rehber ile oyunda takılmadan ilerleyebilirsiniz. Early game pyromancy builds are basically just Strength or Dex builds but with fireballs on the side. They are listed below: Classes do not determine what weapons, items, armor, or spells your character is able to use, they only determine what your character starts the game with. The Pyromancer specializes in fire-based spells and is a top choice in Dark Souls 3 for those who prefer fiery attacks. According to the diverse use of spells that scale perfectly with. One of the most basic pyromancies, and for this very reason,. Flame catalyst used by pyromancers. Posted By Ashish Isaac | On 07th, Jun. The fire damage caused by fireballs makes them effective against corporeal beasts and Undead, who by nature fear flame. There is a seperate page for PvE builds. Edit: this is opposed to sorcery which scales with int and miracles which scale with faith. Flames are a Weapon Category that allows players to to cast Pyromancies in Dark Souls and Dark Souls Remastered. There is a total of 27 Pyromancy spells in Dark Souls III. Grab attack. Please add your own by replicating the formatting below. There are a total of 30 pyromancies. The ultimate guide for pyromancers. Demon Prince is a Boss in Dark Souls 3, available with the Ringed City DLC. There's also alot of enemies that have relatively high resistance to flame. Author Holly Nelson. There are a total of 30 pyromancies. Also, this argument is stupid, and both are fantastic classes for. upgrade your pyro glove with laurentius (save laurentius from the depths), then quelana (for higher glove level) in blighttown. idk man. Souls: 7,196. Create a free account or. Quelana sits on an island in Blighttown directly in front of the entrance to Chaos Witch Quelaag's lair. 16 Strength is pretty much where it starts becoming pointless for a Dex build. Minimum Playthroughs: Three in order to attain the Knight’s Honor trophy. As a result, the type of pyromancies available is quite varied. Trophy & Achievement Guide. This Dark Souls 3 Oceiros Boss Guide features locations, strategies and videos on how to defeat Oceiros, the Consumed King easily, as well as tips, weaknesses, trivia and lore notes for the Oceiros boss. 30 attunement for have a decend mana pool and to be able to use alot different spells. Not only an imposing fire-based boss found in the Demon Ruins, Ceaseless Discharge, as his name may suggest, is the source of the lava flow. . Best Faith Builds in Dark Souls 3. As it doesn’t need much magic investment it pairs well with a strength/dex build. Vitality. Requirements. The most guaranteed way to encounter her is to. Desert Sorceress Information. However, since casting speed increases with Dex from 35-45, the most effective Pyromancer build is a pure Dex one with 45 Dex. Out of those three you’ll see pyro the most at sl 120, but after like 200 everyone, myself included, builds faith alongside whatever they main. This Dark Souls 3 Demon Prince Guide features locations, strategies and videos on how to defeat the Demon Prince easily, as well as tips, weaknesses, trivia and lore notes for the Demon Prince boss. Expand user menuFrom what I've read, Pyromancy is OP in DkS1 overall. You need to get the flame to +10 , kill spider bitch in blight town , then see the pyromancer lady that appears in blight town. To the left there will be a room, and Laurentius will call for help from a. With each covenant there are rewards for following the guidelines. "Pyromancy developed in Aldian rites. There are twenty separate Pyromancies. Sign In. This page features character builds made to tackle Solo or co-op play with a focus on winning boss battles and overcoming regular enemies. you can smack some to help. 8. Sorcery gear gives its benefits to Pyromancies AND sorceries, so that's probably your best bet if you want to expand your options into magic. I'm personally not recommending you to start new game trying to play as pyromancer. Rings: Fire/Dark Clutch mandatory, Ring of Favor and Protection (+1, +2) very much recommended, Swamp Ring, Sage's Ring (+1/2) or Witch's Ring. How to choose a class. A sorcery build is a lot cheaper than a pyromancer build because managing your levels on top of paying for pyro flame reinforcements can get expensive rather quickly. In here, after you kill a bunch of spiders, you'll find a chest with, among other things, this pyromancy. Pyromancer. The highest attunement to damage ratio pyromancy against knockbackable enemies is normal combustion and you can get 2 of them in one playthrough. He is voiced by Peter Marinker, who also voiced Darkstalker Kaathe and Kingseeker Frampt. Don't become a pyromancer until you are at least lvl 60-70. If you are looking for a quick overview, follow our recommended Game Progress Route. Builds for Dark Souls and Dark Souls Remastered refers to player-created combinations of Classes, Stats and Equipment & Magic that are optimized for specific in-game objectives. YouTube revan619 pyromancer meta. The Pyromancer Starting Class is a commonly selected starter character for anyone just starting out in Dark Souls 3. With the right build, pyromancers can devastate their enemies in both PvE and PvP. This is what I choose to wear) Desert Pyromancer Hood Desert Pyromancer Garb Desert Pyromancer Gloves Desert. [SPOILERS!] Dark Souls 3 vs Dark Souls 1 Graphics Comparison Dark Souls 3: Ringed City - Earthen Peak Ruins. This Dark Souls 3 Oceiros Boss Guide features locations, strategies and videos on how to defeat Oceiros, the Consumed King easily, as well as tips, weaknesses, trivia and lore notes for the Oceiros boss. A Pyromancer has to level both of these stats to get the. Pyromancer build can really be anything, but it does work best with 45 Dexterity since you get max casting speed. Demon Prince is the second phase of the boss fight in the Ringed City DLC in Dark Souls 3. Pyromancies can be switched out as need be and there are many to work with. Lost Izalith used to be a swamp earlier in development. "Quelana isn't really related to the covenant, but to pyromancy in general. Every time you land a hit, he will fly to the bridge above you, breathe fire, and stomp around before returning to his perch. A talisman without Poisecasting lmao. Deacons of the Deep: Defeat the Deacons of the Deep. Eingyi is a character in Dark Souls. Great Chaos Fireball - Reward for reaching Rank 3 in Brotherhood of Blood Covenant. I recommend a strength level of 40 and intelligence and faith of. Effects. . This class mixes the magical prowess of the Sorcerer with the brute force of the Warrior to make something not spectacular in a. With 24 unique Pyromancies to choose from, this build can be tailored to extreme damage or extreme defense based on need. all greataxe weapons besides the dragon king greataxe). You do need to level Int/Fth . 8. Bond of a Pyromancer is a Trophy and Achievement in Dark Souls and Dark Souls Remastered. Line up your shot, be patient, and start plunking arrows into the dragons tail. Master every Dark Souls 3 pyromancy with this in-depth guide. Miracles are cast using talismans as a medium. It is part of The Ringed City DLC. The highest attunement to damage ratio pyromancy against knockbackable enemies is normal combustion and you can get 2 of them in one playthrough. I've already seen some guides. This is why our complete Dark Souls Walkthrough will guide you from the moment you land in the Firelink Shrine and through the numerous paths. A PvE Guide for the PyromancerVideostyle inspired by YmfahMusic used: Welcome to Planet UrfCuphead OST - Carniva KerfuffleAnimal Crossing - Surfin (Cover) ht. Wanted to know how many souls to get +10 but that info isn't here. Thanks for. Frostbite. The total attribute points for each stat is determined by the level of the class you choose. There are three types in Dark Souls: Miracles, Sorcery, and Pyromancy. The player can currently cast Pyromancies with all Flames and the White Hair Talisman. This is a fire damage pyromancy build. It’s essentially just a better version of fire orb, but deals dark damage. Sorcerer is for spell-casting buils that benefit from low vit/str starting values, but those are very few and need to be planned through in advance. Drake Sword is a Weapon in Dark Souls and Dark Souls Remastered. (Intelligence for sorceries, Faith for miracles. Published May 17, 2021. . Cleric is a class in Dark Souls. So unless you want to sacrifice half your max health to deal slightly more. In this post, we’ll have a look at the most efficient build for Pyromancer. Pure Faith. Most people then go after Dexterity for the cast speed. Here is the Dark Souls Remastered Bond Of A Pyromancer Trophy Guide. Horror. Dark Souls 3 has 30 pyromancies for players to master. There are 24 Sorceries in the game. Power Within - Head to the Grand Archives bonfire, in Lothric Castle. Trophy & Achievement Guide for Dark Souls 2. The ultimate guide to Pyromancer in Dark Souls Remastered cannot be completed until you get a firm grip on the Pyromant Monsters. Pyromancy is one of three schools of magic that players can use in Dark Souls 3. Pyromancy taught among savages. When comparing starting levels with attributed stat points, the Pyromancer and the Wanderer get the best bang for their buck. Other than that, all I can say is happy maging. 3.